Saturday, June 12, 2010

Amazing Architecture | Exotic Architectural Gems of India

India is a land of beauty with a host of architectural gems, exotic hill stations, silent waterfalls, lush green forests, wildlife centuries, and a diversified image of ethnicities. With so much to explore and discover, the enchanting land has become a hot destination for tourists around the world.

With a blend of imaginations, creations, and passion, Tour of India offers to all a golden opportunity to discover the richness of India in all its form. The exotic architecture of the country is incredibly beautiful. Here are some of the most popular architectural gems of the country:

Taj Mahal

This is an amingly beautiful tourist attraction situated in the city of Agra. This great masterpiece was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in remembrance of his wife. Since then this exotic destination has become an epitome of eternal love.

Akshardham Temple

The Akshardham Temple is a massive temple built on the river Yamuna in Delhi. The architecture of the temple is outstanding with amazing statues, motifs and arches. The intricately carved pillars are also awesome. This recently built temple has broken all records of exotic old monuments.

Charminar

Charminar is a gorgeous landmark situated in Hyderabad. The architecture is characterized by magnificent galleries and arches that entice tourists from all over the world. The landmark is strikingly built on four towers from where it got its name.

Ajanta Ellora Caves

The Ajanta Ellora Caves are situated in Aurangababd in Maharashtra. The caves offer a beautiful blend of rituals, ceremonies, and ethnicities with a host of temples belonging to Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism.

Golden Temple

The Golden Temple built in Amritsar by Guru Arjun Singh is one of the most significant landmarks in India. It is considered to be the holiest place for Sikhs and as a tourist attraction it's just astounding.

Sun Temple

The Sun Temple of Konark situated in Orissa is built in dedication to Sun God. The temple is artistically built of stones with magnificent art including pictures of God, Goddess, and daily life of human.

Lotus Temple

Lotus Temple is another great architectural piece of modern India. The style, the design, and the artwork in the building are incredibly awesome. There is some kind of peace that is delivered within the four walls of the Lotus.

Hawa Mahal

Hawa Mahal is a five-story palace situated in Jaipur. The architecture is based on Rajpur beliefs and faiths and is considered to be a popular tourist destination.

For more on this land of beauty, visit About India and India News.

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Amazing Architecture | Architecture and Anthropology in the House of Mirth

This fall I read The House of Mirth by Edith Wharton on the recommendation of a former professor. It is a tale of a young woman in New York's high society in the early 1900s and follows her social rise and ultimate demise. My professor suggested that I keep my eyes open for anthropology throughout the story. I was amazed by how many elements of anthropology I found on nearly every page; at how many of the social events and nuances I recognized from anthropology lectures. I began to wonder whether Wharton was a student of anthropology or such an astute observer of people and society that she was able to capture these subtle elements.

Of huge importance in the novel was conforming to social norms. Lilly (the heroine/victim) of the novel was adopted and loved by her elite peers and warmly accepted into their exclusive group. She was touted as being the most beautiful among all of New York's young women, the desire of many suitable bachelors, and the holder of great social intelligence. Her access to this group gives Lilly the world, she is welcome to parties, pleasant summer stays in country homes, European vacations, and introduced to only the best in New York's society. Unfortunately for Lilly, she does not behave quite as they would like a young woman like her to, and she begins to have a falling out and is the victim of mistrust and suspicions. Eventually the problem becomes so great, particularly with a female rival, that she is completely ostracized from the group. It is not that as individuals they all dislike her, but she represents such instability to the group that the group must get rid of her to preserve itself.

Further, there was a near constant description of the characters, either through thoughts, words, or actions, considering their status among their peers and how to preserve or elevate their current social status. There is a near constant game of weighing one's own attributes against a rival's. For example Wharton writes "It was not that Miss Bart was afraid of losing her newly acquired hold over Mr. Gryce. Mrs. Dorset might startle or dazzle him, but she had neither the skill nor patience to effect his capture." Lily was taking an objective look at the threat any given rival posed and was quick to discover any points of weakness she could use to her advantage. These and other examples of intrasexual competition abound throughout the novel, especially in the context of high society where status is everything.

What is of further interest is that architecture is the backdrop for all of these events. The wealthiest country estates, most dignified sitting rooms, the most elaborate and elegant ballrooms, and most exclusive restaurants are where the events take place. In the beginning the reader is introduced to the manor at Bellomont where:

"The hall was arcaded, with a gallery supported on columns of pale yellow marble...and the light from the great central lantern overhead shed a brightness on the women's hair and struck sparks from their jewels as they moved."

The architecture and social occupants of the manor worked as one to advertise the wealth, social grace and status of the occupants. Later in the novel Lilly recalls her ambition to have

"an apartment which should surpass the complicated luxury of her friends' surroundings by the whole extent of that artistic sensibility which made her feel herself their superior, in which every tint and line should combine to enhance her beauty and give distinction to her leisure."

This reinforces the perhaps obvious but interesting notion that those with a higher social status should dwell in a place that reflects their status. It would be a strange sight to see a distinguished author, architect, politician or captain of industry living in tenement housing. Architecture and social standing are once again linked after Lilly has been ostracized from her group and left to fend for herself. She has taken residence in a boarding house and

"she dreaded to return to her narrow room, with its blotched wall-paper and shabby paint, and she hated every step of the walk thither through the degradation of a New York street in the last stages of decline from fashion to commerce."

In this instance, architecture and urbanism create a parallel tale to Lilly's own social decline. As she falls from the grace of high society and good fashion into a world where she must manage her own scant commerce, the architecture reflects her position.

Throughout the novel it became more apparent that architecture served as a backdrop for social activities, and became intertwined with anthropological events. Architecture was tied to social class and people and their behavior was linked to their dwellings.

Paul Goss is an architect, freelance writer, blogger and founder of the Architecture and Anthropology Curiosity Collaborative. Visit the blog to learn more about architecture and anthropology: http://architectureanthropology.com To learn more about Paul Goss and his work go here: http://www.paulgoss.com

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Amazing Architecture | Architecture of Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal is the one among the Seven Wonders of World. The beauty of Taj is worth appreciating for its legendary history and wonderful architecture. This epitome of love is a source for inspiration for many since ages. Tourists are bewitched by the magnificent sight of Taj Mahal. One visit to experience the architectural beauty of Taj is a must for everyone. And once there, you will obviously feel like re-visiting it.

Taj Mahal Tours

Bagging the top list of New Seven Wonders of the World for one more time, has just multiplied the enthusiasm of the visitors to explore the architectural marvel of this wonderful structure in marble, our very own Taj Mahal. Taj Mahal is the finest specimen of architecture. Visitors to Taj Mahal are simply awestruck by the exquisite architectural excellence. The transcendent Taj is often described as India's "Jewel in the Crown", which certainly Taj is. For many centuries, visitors have been coming and seeing the beauty of Taj to appreciate the charming site.

Origin of Taj Mahal

The elegance of Indo Islamic architecture of Taj still attracts the lovers, poets, composers, tourists, travelers, architects, archaeologists alike. Unraveling the mysteries of Taj Mahal is quite interesting. Legend has it that Taj Mahal would not have been a reality had not Prince Khurram, Shah Jahan, seen and fallen in love with Arjumand Bano Begu, Mumtaz Mahal.

Their love at first sight solemnized into marriage and Mumtaz asked Shah Jahan to grant her wishes. Of four wishes, the one was to build a tomb in her memory which would not have seen or made ever before.

Shah Jahan fulfilled the dream of his beloved wife and the rest is history. The opulence of Taj Mahal works like a magic on the beholders. It casts a spell and the beholder is simply amazed by the splendid extravaganza of mysticism. It boasts of being the most enduring symbol of love in the world and one of the most sought after tourist attraction.

Architecture of Taj Mahal

The construction of Taj Mahal required great artistry and mastery. The magnum opus was not built just out of blue. Much pains had been taken for the designing and erection of this grand edifice. The present Taj is an outcome of skill, experience, expertise and diligence of about twenty thousand labors and artisans. The period of its construction is not less amusing. It took twenty two years to transmute this dream of Mumtaz into an epitome of eternal love. Started in 1632, the construction culminated in 1654.

Not only a long duration of erection but the amount of royal treasure spent on its construction is also stunning. If historians are to believed, it is said that Shah Jahan had spent thirty two million rupees from the royal treasury and had consulted several experts form Middle East and Europe. Master craftsmen were imported all the way from Qannauj, Lahore, Multan, Baghdad, Shiraz and Bukhara to make the wonderful piece of marble.

A fleet of one thousand elephants transported the construction material sourced from different parts of India and Central Asia. Twenty eight different kinds of rare, precious, and semi precious stones were used in the inlay work embellishing Taj.

The architectural complex of Taj Mahal comprise of five main elements:

The darwaza or the main gateway

The Baggecha or the garden

The Masjid or the Mosque

The Naqqar Khana or the Rest House

The Rauza or the Mausoleum

Gateway of Taj is built in pure red sandstone and measures 30 meters in height. The gateway is inscribed in apparently uniform lettering with a "Promise of Allah" (verses) from Koran. The garden of the Taj covers the entire area between the main gateway and the foot of the edifice. The layout of Taj Garden is in the formula of four with two intersecting marble canals studded with fountains and edged with cypress tress. The tomb of Taj is in square plan with chamfered corners. Entry to the mausoleum is through the southern portal. The slender minarets are crowned with eight windowed cupolas that accent the central structure.

Know more about the history of Taj Mahal: http://www.indiatouristspots.com/

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Amazing Architecture | Architectural Fiberglass - Reasons to Consider This Modern Material

Every year, business owners, homeowners, and those who oversee offices and government buildings decide to enhance these structures through the addition of one or more architectural products. While choosing the right design is important, selecting an appropriate material for the job is also crucial. Architectural GFRP possesses several properties that make it a desirable choice for construction applications. Just a few of the advantages of GFRP are outlined below.

GFRP Can be Placed Outdoors, Even in Harsh Climates

Elements crafted from architectural fiberglass are very durable. Some of the impressive properties of GFRP that make it a robust construction material include:

* Architectural fiberglass is unaffected by salt water, acid rain, and many different types of chemicals.
* Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer elements have, in some instances, stood up to extreme weather events without sustaining damage. FRP structures crafted by Stromberg Architectural, for example, withstood Hurricane Floyd (a category 5 weather event). It is worth noting that nearby structures crafted from other materials were completely destroyed.
* GRP products are unaffected by freeze/thaw cycles, and can therefore be kept outside all year round.
* FRP is so water resistant that it can be installed underwater.


GFRP has a Very High Strength to Weight Ratio

Amazingly, GFRP is, pound for pound, stronger than steel. Many types of architectural fiberglass are also very light, weighing between 2 and 4.5 pounds per square foot. This is advantageous from a construction standpoint because GRP elements can usually be installed without adding extra support to the surrounding structure. Lightweight architectural fiberglass elements can also be transported and installed relatively quickly and easily.

Fiber Reinforced Polymer Offers Great Design Versatility

One of the most important advantages of architectural fiberglass as a construction material is its versatility. GFRP can be molded into a variety of complex shapes and textures. GRP can also be finished to replicate the look of less durable, heavier, and more expensive construction materials, such as iron, coral, bronze, and stone.

Architectural FRP Can be Used in a Variety of Construction Applications

Another advantage of architectural fiberglass is that it can be used to craft a number of elements commonly found on or in private homes, churches, retail establishments, and resorts. Just a few common GFRP elements are fountains, planters, cornice, cupolas, and signs.

When considering GFRP products, it's important to choose a company that has experience fabricating architectural fiberglass, constructing molds, and developing a variety of architectural fiberglass elements. This is the best way to ensure the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer element will perform optimally, whether it is placed indoors or outside.

Stromberg Architectural is the world's leading producer of GFRC and GFRP products, including GFRP columns, domes, cornice, and sculpture. Visit http://www.strombergarchitectural.com/materials/gfrp for more information.

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Amazing Architecture | The Relationship Between Anthropology and Unprecedented Architectural Projects

Nick Gogerty has put together an interesting and brief post on the coinciding events of economic bubbles and skyscrapers. The latest example of this is of course the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, which began five years ago in a boom. The newly completed tower now stands in a very different Dubai that is suffering economically. So why do we continue to make the decision to build these monolithic and amazing structures in such a competitive and one-up manner?

Going back to the fundamental base of Human Behavioral Ecology, all decisions are made to try to increase one's own reproductive success. Status is of the utmost importance in the realm of sexual competition, as is social intelligence, risk and being a part of a group and following social norms. To continue with the example of Dubai, they took advantage of the opportunity presented in an economic bubble to build an unprecedented urban/coastal landscape that has elevated their status to world class, one-of-a-kind.

So what are the large-scale benefits of this building boom? Economics and status. It seems that evolved behaviors to gain status and wealth translates into similar competition between empires, nations, and metropolises.

I am also reminded of the amazing scale of construction completed in Beijing for the 2008 Olympics. With such rapidly increasing media coverage for the Games over the last decade, the Olympics have quickly become a forum for newer, bigger, (better?), and possibly more absurd architectural projects with little to no thought given for the long term. The opportunity is seized for an instant status boost, but, strangely, the status remains long after the project has been forgotten or failed.

Social intelligence seems to play a role in this as well as group identity and social norms. To sell the idea for the next architectural wonder requires a great deal of social intelligence; perhaps in the art of storytelling, convincing the audience that yours is the best, as well as for coalition building to assemble a team that can actually pull the project off. Further, it you want to identify yourself with a certain group, you must conform to their norms. If your particular group of desire is an elite, progressive and architecturally challenging metropolis or society like Dubai, Beijing, New York and others, you've got to follow the lead and continue to push the envelope. With the latest burst of the bubble, it will be interesting to see how this trend adapts.

Bottom Line? Decisions in architecture are not always made in the interest of good design and wise decisions, but in the interest of short-term status gains.

Paul Goss is an architect, freelance writer, blogger and founder of the Architecture and Anthropology Curiosity Collaborative. Visit the blog to learn more about architecture and anthropology: http://architectureanthropology.com To learn more about Paul Goss and his work go here: http://www.paulgoss.com

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Amazing Architecture | Architecture of the Sublime

Architecture is evocative.

Navigating around the bend of the river a massive metal clad arch dwarfs the boat, the river, the trees, and the skyline. This arch demands attention. It cannot go unnoticed. Humbled by its presence, one can not only but wonder what this "thing" is or does and but also be curious about the premise of its existence. This "thing" commands one to notice its presence. It insists one recognize its power. It represents the zeitgeist of post-war America - a victorious America. The St. Louis Arch, designed by architect Eero Saarinen, creates a sense of awe through layered effects. These characteristics can be quantified, listed, and evaluated. There is no formula to be followed or regulation on the use of these characteristics in the creation of quality Architecture.

1. Originality: The creation of something unique and unprecedented. 2. Timelessness: The consciousness of timelessness does not follow a specific rule-set or path. For this discussion it will be defined as an outcome of the sublime. 3. Hybridization: A more specific form of originality - the creation of "new" through the combination of two seemingly unlinked normative conditions.

Before further discussion and exploration ensues, it must be stated that the symbolism of the St. Louis Arch is not what is under investigation, rather the role of architecture as an evocative object is what we are striving to ascertain.

According to Merriam-Webster, the definition of sublime is simple: awe inspiring. (Un)Fortunately, the implications and understanding of what can be defined as sublime is not so straight forward. "...sublime is to be found in an object even devoid of form, so far as it immediately involves, or else by its presence provokes, a representation of limitlessness."

A basic mathematical relationship has been derived to explore the myriad definitions of sublime: "limitlessness" > "awe inspiring." These two definitions are not equal. A simple definition of the sublime only succeeds in limiting the intensity of everything it had the ability to encompass. Many great works of architecture are timeless. These structures create a constant newness though evocation. Timelessness is a working of the sublime. Kant's definition of the sublime is what architect's strive to achieve through their work.

Architectural competitions have always attempted to allow the architect to express various theories and stylistic approaches that are not always possible or even desirable with a pragmatic client. These competition entries, whether built or not, exert an amazingly strong influence on the development of the field of architecture. The 1947 Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Competition fits into this category.

Eero Saarinen's winning entry for the 1947 competition to design a monument to honor westward expansion is one of these entities. The St. Louis Gateway Arch, a parabolic arch, grew to become not only a symbol for the city of St. Louis, Missouri, but also to epitomize the strength of post-war America. Innovation was the key to the success of Saarinen's competition entry. The Gateway Arch can be seen to fit into the general categories of monument, sculpture, and architecture. This cross-hybridization between disciplines is the reason it still remains iconic. To the laymen, the Gateway Arch can be placed in the category of architecture based on the fact that it is inhabitable. More so, the thing that defines this structure and all great structures is the real life experiential quality. The Gateway Arch is thus viewed as the immutable icon for the city of St. Louis. Great architecture leaves a lasting impression. This is another aspect that separates quality design from other built works - presence. Architecture has the ability, and should, to be experiential in the way that it creates something new, unforeseen, or unusual. This experiential nature can be developed and worked in various ways and disciplines within the field of architecture. Programmatic relationships, aesthetic qualities, structural innovations are all ways to create something unique in architecture.

The St. Louis Arch has a strong physiognomy. Everything that it is or is intended to be is shown from the surface. The structure is a simple parabolic curve built on an extremely large scale. The essence of tectonics and form embodies the zeitgeist of post World War II. The Arch is as much a gateway to the west as it is a symbol for St. Louis and the post-war condition of America. This monument is for all Americans to see the strength, power, and innovation of the country. It is also a symbol to the world, showing the superpower status of the United States. The visual nature of Saarenin's creation can be read by all as architecture. The sheer sense of scale, especially in contrast to the Saint Louis skyline, creates a sense of awe distinct to developments that push the envelope of innovation. To some, the line between sculpture and architecture may be disputed in regard to the Gateway Arch. It is not the architectural critics of that era who define what good architecture is. Eero Saarinen and his projects were not in critical favor during his career and have not been until recent times. His innovative style, structural technique and essence have withstood the test of time. Time is what determines whether or not a structure can be labeled as good architecture. If years pass and the now "old" structure still generates the same wonder and admiration as when it was first constructed, whether on an aesthetic or critical level, that work has passed the test of time.

"Critique of Judgment", a major work by Immanuel Kant which was published later in his career, has been and continues to be read as it pertains to aesthetics. While this interpretation requires the reader to ignore many of Kant's themes, the idea of aesthetics as being specific to beauty and the sublime is a crucial link in its relation to architecture. According to Kant, judgment lies between understanding and reason. The goal of Immanuel Kant's critiques, as stated in the introduction of "Critique of Judgment", is dedication "to uncovering and exhibiting the a priori principles of the mind and the rational structure of experience and moral practice in general."

"...there is no science of the beautiful, but only a critique. A science of the beautiful would require scientific determination and would then fail to be a judgment of taste." Judgment is the bridge between "what is and what ought to be." Kant begins by stating that the "power of judgment" forms a middle term between understanding and reason. The critical search for a principle of judgment (in the case of acts of judgment that are called aesthetic), relating to the beautiful and sublime in nature or art, is the most important item in a critique of this faculty. They "indicate an immediate bearing of this faculty upon the feeling of pleasure or displeasure according to some 'a priori' principle."

In "Critique of Judgment" Kant states that basing one's own judgment on the judgments of others shows a lack of self-determination, or heteronomy. Therefore, individual taste in itself is autonomous. A priori principles cause an immediate feeling of pleasure or displeasure which is individual to one's self. The "a priori-ness" of judgment itself allows it to hold validity. "...uncovering and exhibiting the 'a priori' principles of the mind and the rational structure of experience and moral practice in general"

"The 'power of judgment' forms a middle term between understanding and reason." The analysis of judgment and the establishment of its validity, as well as the sublime are essential to the discourse of architecture. J.M. Bernstein, in "The Fate of Art: Aesthetic Alienation from Kant to Derrida and Adorno" states that judgment can either be true or false, and not a mere expression or statement of like or dislike. "...no conceptual articulation of an object can saturate it sufficiently so as to license a valid judgment of taste."

Mark is an architect, designer, and contributor to Sinking Cities Architecture Blog.

Find more about architecture and design on http://sinkingcities.com/

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Amazing Architecture | Tuscan Architecture

Tuscan architecture combines modern and classic elements that make up pure Old World Europe. The beauty of architecture Tuscan style comes from the typical custom crafted natural stone. This includes limestone, travertine and marble. Terracotta floor and roof tiles are often used to give the antique feel. In Tuscan architecture, wooden beams are often refurbished from Tuscan farmhouses.

Tuscany architecture involves fine Italian building materials that create beautiful marble fireplaces, wrought iron gates and amazing fountains.

Integrating Tuscan elements brings a sense of Old-World charm and mystique to indoor and outdoor aspects of your home.

Exterior architecture typically include:

Tile roof Wrought iron front door entrance Walls covered with vines Crumbling stone walls that outline patios and walkways Beautiful travertine cobblestone driveways Brick or stone set garden paving Tuscan Landscape : Lavender, rosemary and sage can be found surrounding a Tuscan style home. Old lemon pots and antique jars give the feel of a Tuscany garden .

Interior architecture typically include:

Walls: Plaster walls with hand painted wall treatments. Usage of warm colors that represent the rolling hills of Tuscany bring the feel of basking under the Tuscan sun! Mediterranean decor involves subtle earth tones. These are standard in French Country decorating.

Ceilings: Textured richly. Stenciled borders can be found along the ceilings. Paneled or vaulted ceilings are a typical choice in decor as it creates pure Tuscany architectural framework. Wooden or chestnut beams provide a rustic feel to the Old World style home.

Floor: Glass, stone and tile are often used to create amazing mosaic art for flooring, which works well with table tops. Terracotta tiles, marble and ceramic flooring marks true Tuscany home decor. Selection of marbles that blend nicely with your Tuscan color palette.

Tuscany architecture uses pale travertine in home flooring. Marble Chips, stucco and crushed stone are polished nicely creating terrazo floors.

Your home can be so beautiful when choosing architecture Tuscan style!

Patrice D. Walker is an Architect student who specializes in Tuscan Decorating and home based business coaching. To start your own successful business, consider network marketing training to acquire the tools and resources needed.

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Amazing Architecture | Italian Historical Architecture

Italy is a magical country to visit and spend time; every region has something new to offer whether it is its food, the people, the history or its architecture. Its architecture is unsurpassed in Europe, historically Italy has everything and this shows within its architecture.

To many people the architecture of a country is it's main attraction and this could easily be said about Italy with it's millennia old stones, sumptuous remains of mysterious Etruscan kings, witnesses to ancient pagan rites, memorials to a history whose origins is lost in the mists of time. Ancient temples that have stood for thousands of years and have amazed all those who run a hand over their immortal columns, such as the temples of Agrigento and Selinunte. Entire cities that remain like some marvelous stage set to tell us about life as it was in the distant past. A life cut short, in ancient days, by the dramatic whim of a volcano, such as Pompeii and Herculaneum, or by the implacable advance of malaria, as in Ostia Antica and Paestum. Walls and buildings that have been witness to a boundless power, that of ancient Rome and its countless conquests. Places still capable of moving us deeply owing to the ingenuity of their construction and the peerless historical heritage that they embody.

Italy has a wealth of religious architecture, towers and churches launched towards the sky. Striking spires, dainty cupolas, artistic facades, and bell towers jutting up towards the blue sky and towards an Italian heaven, mysterious naves that guard artistic masterpieces ancient and modern. Visit any Italian city, town or village and you will see churches everywhere, guardians of and witnesses to a faith thousands of years old and then tiny chapels on the mountain tops, solitary shrines on street corners, statues and frescoes for the protection of the home.

Small signs of popular devotion that stand as corollaries to the magnificence of the cathedrals. Italy loves religious architecture. A series of masterpieces that tell the entire story of western architecture: from the elegant Romanesque forms of Santa Maria all' Aquila to the fanciful Gothic spires of the beautiful Cathedral in Milan, from the perfect example of Renaissance architecture in Florence Cathedral to the baroque wonder of Lecce Cathedral. Each one with its trusty bell-tower at its side to announce its presence; including the most famous one in the world: the Leaning Tower of Pisa.

Italian squares or piazzas that seem to be picture perfect stage sets all complete with outdoor cafes to enable you to sit and watch the world un-fold in front of you. Buildings that were created to enchant and impress visiting dignities from an age gone by with luscious façades and interiors that house unimaginable riches and art treasures now have the same effect on those tourists visiting Italy. Towers constructed to bear witness to power that now regale unforgettable panoramas to those bold enough to climb to the top.

Streets resembling open-air museums. Bridges that create seem-less bonds between the banks of rivers such as the Rialto in Venice or Ponte Vecchio in Florence. Walls originally designed to defend a city have later been turned into wonderfully imposing rings that have been giving communities a sense of security for centuries.

Ample flights of steps from which to savor the spectacle of a city's life. The taste for beauty is all pervasive, from the tiny village, to the old town, to cities great and small. Beauty touches every nook, every vista, everything. The ancient Italians left a world of elegant architecture and monuments behind for future generations to stare in amazement at.

I try to pass on my musings on life and experiences in a way that people may find interesting to read.

http://www.cookery-school-italy.com

You may not always agree with my writings but I hope to inform.
Harwood E Woodpecker

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Amazing Architecture | Gothic Architecture and the Characteristics of Its Wonderful Style

Talking about architecture always leads me to discuss Gothic style. I love this certain style a lot because of its pointed arches and ribbed vault. For me, Gothic architecture is very amazing with all of the details of the construction. If you love to travel around the world, I suggest you to visit some traces of this architecture style. You can found them mostly in France, but you can also find them in Italy and England.

This architecture style flourished during the high and medieval period in France that was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. Around 12th century, people in that era developed the previous style, Romanesque, to be the new style. Gothic style then reached its popularity and lasted until the 16th century.

Initially, Gothic style was known as the French Style, or Opus Francigenum. The term Gothic then appeared during the latter part of the Renaissance era as a stylistic offense. Mostly, this wonderful architecture style is applied to build cathedrals, parish churches, or abbeys. However, you can also find the traces in many castles, palaces, town halls, or universities. The characteristics of this architecture style are including the pointed arch, the flying buttress, and the ribbed vault.

Pointed arch is my favorite characteristic of Gothic architecture. Actually, this kind of arch was also used in Romanesque style but they did not pay attention to the shape. Furthermore, when the new style was developed, people noticed that this particular arch would give amazing stability as well as strength for the building. My favorite buildings with pointed arch are Chartres Cathedral in France and Milan Cathedral in Italy.

Another characteristic is the ribbed vault. This is a result of the intersection of two or thee barrel vaults. The previous style used in Romanesque was the groin vault. Compared with groin vault, the use of ribbed vault shows the skill of the masons of the new ideas. Ribbed vault allows us to admire the wonderful construction, although in Renaissance era this technique wad considered as a new for architecture. You can visit Durham Cathedral in England and take a look at the roofs of the choir side aisles. That is my favorite ribbed vault among other building in Gothic.

The next characteristic is the flying buttress, or also known as arc-boutant. This certain type of buttress could be easily found on any religious building such as cathedral. The real function of this buttress is to send out the horizontal force of a vaulted ceiling through the wall to a counterweight outside the building. Therefore, it seems like flying through the air.

However, this type of buttress was not created in Gothic Architecture. Flying buttress was employed by Byzantines in early Romanesque, but it was hidden under the roof or covered by other construction. In Gothic style, it creates a web of stonework in the outside of clerestory walls and gives a great heavenly impression. You can see how wonderful the appearance of this buttress construction in some cathedrals, such as Chartress, Le Mans, Beauvais, and Reims.

With all of the wonderful appearance and impression given by Gothic architecture, this architecture style becomes my favorite product of Renaissance era. You should visit some Gothic style buildings someday, and feel the grandeur of Renaissance era offered by them.

Architecture belongs to the interest of Frederic C Padilla, so he often writes articles about it. However, you can also find other articles written by him in other topics, such as his review on mickey mouse party supplies. It provides you a lot of information about safari party supplies to increase the fun in the party of your children.

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Amazing Architecture | Travel Italy - Highlights of Italian Art and Architecture

Every year millions of visitors trek through Italy in search of ancient culture, great food, art, architecture, and more. The allure is immediate even to those who have never been.

There is more art and architecture to see in Italy than one person could possibly experience in a lifetime. Rome, Florence, and Venice alone offer an unending array of design excursions. Highlighted here are some of the must see designs of both ancient and modern Italy. Talk a trip, bring a sketch book, and see the gorgeous art and design that is synonymous with Italian life.

The Coliseum - An architectural marvel, the coliseum was built beginning in 72 A.M. Originally used as a source of entertainment (usually forced barbaric combat) the Coliseum is still an amazing site. Strangely, although it could be considered a source of embarrassment of the past, it has been come to known as one of the ultimate icons of ancient Roman greatness. Location: the Piazza del Colosseo, Via dei Fori Imperiali, Rome.

Vatican City - This tiny country is perhaps one of the most remarkable aspects of Rome.Vatican City is the heart of Catholicism, both spiritually and politically. St. Peter himself was crucified on this spot, and St. Peter's basilica was built directly above the ancient hill. Both the Basilica and St. Peter's square are still studied today in architecture and art history classes. You can wander the Vatican Museums for days, including a visit to the Sistine Chapel, to see some of the true masterpieces of Roman art.

Location: Entry through Saint Peter's Square, Rome Il Duomo (The Cathedral of Santa Maria Dei Fiori) - Il Duomo is considered by many to be the grandest achievement in Renaissance architecture. The octagonal dome, originally designed by Brunelleschi was the largest in the world when built.

Since then, Il Duomo , which took nearly six centuries to complete, has become Florence's symbol. Climb the 414 steps of the bell tower, and Renaissance Florence will be laid before you. Location: Piazza del Duomo, Florence.

Piazza San Marco - Piazza San Marco is still studied today by architects and urban planners as one of the most beautiful and successful public squares. The square is surrounded by cafes, shops, and of course the Campanile and St. Peter's Basilica. Visitors and locals alike sip espresso in its cafes, meet to talk, and climb the Campanile to see an amazing view of Venice. Location: Piazza San Marco, with the Basilica at the wider end, Venice.

The Peggy Guggenheim Collection - In a city world reknown for its ancient art and architecture, the Guggenheim Collection houses one of the greatest collections of modern art. her collection includes works by Pollack, Picasso, Klee, Rothko, Chagall, Mondrian, and more. There is also a gorgeous sculpture garden housing even more works. Location: Calle Venice dei Leoni, Dorsoduro, Venice.

The Brion Vega Cemetery - The Brion Vega is considered one of Carlo Scarpa's masterpieces. Scarpa was and still is often considered the premier modern Italian architect. The memorial is a great concrete and landscaped form if rectilinear, stepping, and sculptural concrete elements. It is an amazing pilgrimage for the architecture buff. Location: San Vito d'Altivole.

You can wander Italy for ages and never take in all of the art and architecture. Still, the sites listed above are some of the must sees for lovers of art, architecture, and travel. Open your eyes and see the Italian design that has been around for centuries, and that which continues to flourish today.

Michelle is a travel buff who has recently moved away from Hawaii, but is anxiously awaiting the day when she can return. In the meantime, she occupies her time by helping others compare and select vacation options.

Your Life Passion - Specialty Travel, Guided Tours, Vacation Rentals, Spa Resorts and More!

Also read Travel Oahu - Experience Hawaii Like a Local [http://ezinearticles.com/?Travel-Oahu---Experience-Hawaii- Like-A-Local&id=22204]

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Amazing Architecture | Seeing Architecture on Your Italy Vacation

During your Italy vacation you will find that architecture here has had strong ties to religion through the ages. Most of the truly amazing architectural pieces are religious buildings like churches and chapels. Just walking around the tourist attractions and in the nation side you will encounter several chapels and churches with great and unique architectural design. The're numerous other pieces to observe in the architectural middle around the world. But as with many things to are not working you will draw more out of a tour if you have a guide. You guide will be able to provide you with the history surrounding what you are seeing and its significance. He or she will be in a position to accurately describe the architectural style and point out important details.

Although a lot of architecture is surrounded by religion in Italy, nothing says a great piece of ancient architecture such as the Colosseum. Is one of the most popular destinations for tourists asleep in Italy and likewise the world but the person who is its architect is unknown. It is the massive stadium that was built for sporting events and is now infamous for the gladiator games that happened here. It could seat 50,000 people and had 80 entrances! During your Italy vacation you can enter the Colosseum by yourself or so with a group for an unlimited time but you can take a guided 45 minutes tour which will only cost you some dollars more. You ought to get more out of your visit by taking the guided tour alternative.

An excellent piece of architecture that you may be in a position to see if you are in Venice while in Italy for vacation is the Il Teatro del Mondo. This translates to "The Theater of the World." It is a more contemporary piece of architecture designed by Aldo Rossi that opened in 1979. Modeled after the floating theaters that were in Venice in the 18th century, it was constructed in a shipyard and then carefully towed across town. Using steel beams for support the builders welded the beams together to make your raft that now sits on the water. The architect Aldo Rossi had a dream to recompose Venice and as you will see during your Italy vacation here he managed to bring old Venice into the new.

If you are in Florence, Italy asleep, you should probably see the Pallazo Vecchio. It is huge gothic town hall by using a famous copy of Michelangelo's David statue. At one point in Italy's history, this building was the seat of the government around 1865. It is now where Florence's city council holds its offices. Each room, courtyard and entrance features beautiful architectural designs. The're private rooms and studies and each room is named after an architectural feature in the room. During your Italy vacation, you often requires a guided tour of this huge building or you can walk through it at your leisure to marvel at the spectacular ceilings and beautiful designs.

Geoffrey has been writing articles online for nearly 2 years now. Not only does this author specialize in weight loss,fitness and diet, you can as well check out his latest website on home electric generator and whole house electric generator

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Amazing Architecture | Chicago Architecture - A Tour in Artistic Design

Chicago is one of the most beautiful cities in the United States. It is a treasure of the Midwest with its gorgeous setting along Lake Michigan. Having visited most comparable cities, I think Chicago's skyline rivals almost any other in the country, especially because of its reflective position on the water.

A great focus for any tour of Chicago is its architecture. Chicago is known for its artistic design, especially in the modern world. Historic Chicago was largely destroyed by fire in 1871, so most of Chicago's prominent buildings date after that year. Therefore, one of Chicago's most notable structures might be its historic water tower along the Magnificent Mile shopping district. It was built in 1869 and was one of the only structures to survive the fire. The Magnificent Mile is otherwise an exciting and extremely modern business district with upscale designer boutiques and world class dining.

Another great architectural reason to tour Chicago is in order to visit the Sears Tower. Is it still the world's tallest building? You probably know this depends on whom you ask. But for all intents and purposes, the Sears Tower is still the world's tallest, habitable building. If you must specify further in order to win the pool at work, call it the world's tallest "office building".

The James R. Thompson building, which is often called the State Building in Chicago will still further impress your artistic eye. This building not only has a unique rounded design, it is also almost completely glass enclosed even to its glass-paneled ceiling.

The John Hancock Center has won architectural awards for its unique cross-bracing exterior that allows for more office space within. This building also provides one of the most fabulous observatories in the city. It is open air, which means you're about to discover exactly why they call Chicago the Windy City. It also includes innovative "sound scopes" with chirping birds and cheering crowds that give the viewer the impression of actually being in the attractions at which they are taking a closer view.

If the amazing architecture in Chicago inspires further study into the art of building design, then you won't want to miss the Frank Lloyd Wright landmark. It includes the home and studio from which he lived and worked for the first twenty years of his prestigious architectural career. Frank Lloyd Wright believed that well-designed buildings make a difference in our lives. Talk about a passion for your profession! From Chicago and beyond in his career, Wright went on to design more than 500 buildings that were completed and approximately 500 more never built.

Chicago, like many cities near the water, offers harbor cruises for its site-seeing tours. And because of its distinctive prominence in the world of design, some of these tours are specifically called architectural cruises. They predominantly navigate the Chicago River with expert guides pointing out the most notable of Chicago's skyscrapers and structures.

There are several great photo ops in Chicago to commemorate your architectural finds. Either the Sears Tower or the Hancock observatories will of course provide the best bird's eye views of this amazing city, and a cruise from the water would offer a unique perspective for your tourist's album. One extremely distinctive photo op, though, is offered on dry land, quite near the ground.

In 1999, artist Anish Kapoor's sculpture idea was chosen from several designs for a prominent place in Chicago's Millennium Park. This park holds the famous Jay Pritzker Pavilion with its state-of-the-art outdoor sound system and concert venue. And in this park stands the unique photo opportunity in the amazing sculpture by Kapoor. Often called "the bean", the stainless steel structure is curved to reflect the Chicago skyline. It's a unique - although popular - new way to capture this amazing city on film.

Whether you do it from the sky, the water, or the ground, you will want to capture somehow the skyline and beautiful architecture of Chicago, Illinois. Once you've seen it up close, the photographs will be a meaningful addition to your collection.

After graduating from Purdue University, I started a long and successful career as a teacher and coach. It was during my years as a teacher that I began to travel with students. As a father of the 6 best kids in the world, I still love to travel and I work hard to make sure other kids can travel and discover new experiences. click here.

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Amazing Architecture | Barcelona - City of Amazing Architecture

I visited Barcelona a few years ago and I fell in love with its architecture. Especially work of Gaudi is amazing. Antonio Gaudi, who lived from 1852 to 1926, designed buildings with unique shapes and colors inspired by nature (roots, branches, etc.) There are no square shapes in his works as there is none in the nature...

Gaudi's most known work, Sagrada Famila, an astonishing unfinished church, is surrealistic in its surroundings (La Sagrada Famila entrance fee: 8 EUR Students - 3 EUR; Elevator - 2 EUR).

Park Guell, also designed by Gaudi, is another "must see" in Barcelona. It is in the northern part of the city, 20 minutes walking distance from the Lesseps metro station. You will find here elegant arches made of stone, and sinuous, geometric surfaces with designs made from broken ceramic tiles at the main entrance. Guell Park was declared a place of World Heritage by UNESCO in 1984.

The house where Gaudi lived for 20 years, until his death in 1926 is located in Park Guell. It is a museum now, with furniture made by Gaudi himself. Museum entrance fee: 4 EUR; students 3 EUR.

La Pedrera (the quarry), also know as Casa Mila (Mila house) , is an apartment building located on Passeig de Gracia. It is the last piece of extraordinarily architecture by Gaudi I was able to see during my short stay in Barcelona. The entrance fee is 7 EUR.

Live goes on after dinner at Las Ramblas which stretches from Monument Colon (memorial to Christopher Columbus) to Placa de Catalunya. It is a 1.2 km (0.75 mile) walkway in the heart of the city centre with restaurants, theatres, local artists, souvenir stores, and Miro mosaic pavements.

Teresa Szefler - extensively traveled through Europe. Enjoys sharing her experiences with others. See her website http://www.ExchangeZones.com

Accommodation in Spain:

Accommodation: Rentals by Owners

Sagrada Famila [http://www.op.net/~jmeltzer/Gaudi/eltemple.html]

Park Guell

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Garden Architecture | Modern Garden Design - Suit Your Needs

The "new look" in building architecture started in Europe, and on this continent in California, early in the 20th century. It did not come to Canada until after the Second World War. Basically, modern architecture is functional rather than decorative. It emphasizes the structural mass in buildings and calls for ordered surroundings.

Garden planning has not developed a modern style to such a clear extent as architecture, since traditional materials and practices have not changed as much in gardening as in building. Gardens cannot be purely practical as their function is largely decorative. Their reasons for existence are to provide beauty, relaxation and a natural setting for the buildings. When we work with complex natural forms, it is difficult to adhere to the plain surfaces characteristic of modern architecture.

Today we arrange plants in new forms to suit the scale and proportions of the new buildings; and we arrange the space in our gardens to suit our changing social habits. The key idea in modern garden planning has been to consider the garden as an outdoor extension of the house for the comfort of the family, rather than as a plant museum. This idea has also led to using more outdoor furniture, lighting, BBQ, screens, shelters, swimming pools and other things for decoration.

The average homeowner wants pleasing surroundings and a place to relax, with little labor and expense. Most of us look after our own gardens with perhaps a little unskilled labor for grass cutting and other regular chores. Unless gardening becomes our hobby, we will have less variety of plants than in the past. Also, there will be more careful planning of space as we become more appreciative of good design.

Because we need privacy, where there is little space we now use screens of closely woven lattice, opaque plastic or broad louvers of plywood to separate our garden from the neighbor's. The more expensive walls of masonry or boundary plantings of trees and shrubs take up too much room to be used in a small garden.

Plants of rather unusual form are used in front of these flat surfaces to cast interesting and changing shadows. The effect of moving light and shadow is given by the lattice or louvers themselves, or by "egg-crate" beams in the roof overhangs on garden shelters. The interest of this movement is a substitute for variety in planting and artificial light for plants.

Concrete paving blocks and three-dimensional cast figures are taking the place of more expensive stonework and statues. The outdoor barbeque grill, with dad cooking has replaced tray-carrying servants for entertaining.

Because we like to sit and enjoy the garden from one spot, raised masonry planters, decorative pottery or flower beds are used to connect the inside of the house with the garden, when viewed from inside.

Seeking assistance on artificial light for plants. Click on the link to visit zone10.com.

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Garden Architecture | Top 3 Concrete Garden Statues

Garden statues are a great way to add some personal charm and a beautiful look to your yard. Plus, concrete is a durable, inexpensive material that works well outside. There are all kinds of subjects and styles on the market, and statues of just about every size. That means that it'll be easy to find the concrete garden statues that are right for you and your home. However, a few styles are definitely more popular than others. That means they'll be easier to find and have greater appeal. Let's take a look at the top three categories of garden statuary on the market.

Animals
Animals are a popular subject for concrete garden statues. They come in all kinds of styles, too, from traditional carving to cartoony looks, to Japanese and other Asian styles. There are animal statues out there to suit any taste. Squirrels, rabbits, and other small North American and European mammals are popular, but they're not the only option. You can also find monkeys, fish (koi are popular) birds, lions, and many others. There tends to be an emphasis on the cute, rather than the majestic, in garden statues, but some less cute animals are also available. If you can't find the one you want, think about talking to a local sculptor. If you have your concrete garden statue custom made, you can have any animal you want, from a cat to a capybara.

Human Figures
Another popular category includes the human figure. This is a very broad category, encompassing everything from religious statues of saints and the Buddha to cute cherubs and garden gnomes. You can find beautiful mother and child statues, as well as concrete renderings of famous artworks, for a truly elegant look. There are also cuter and more playful garden statues out there that create a fun atmosphere. Angels and fairies are also a popular choice for gardens. The choice is up to you. Concrete garden statues of people come in all sizes, but most are on the smaller side.

Lanterns And Architecture
You can also find concrete garden statues made to look like architectural features. Some of them even serve as lanterns. Just place a candle lantern or other light source inside, and use your statuary to provide light for an outdoor party. Most of these designs are inspired by real architectural forms in Asia, and will have a Japanese, Korean, or Chinese feel to them. However, there are some architectural concrete garden statues that use Western or other cultures' buildings as inspiration as well. These are a little harder to find than people or animals, but are still an excellent choice.

Concrete garden statuary is a great addition to your home's garden. Use it to ornament just about any part of your property at a relatively low cost. Garden statues can run the gamut from cheap to highly expensive, depending on size and level of detail. That means that you're sure to find one that fits your budget. If your garden is a little bit boring, check out your options.

Thomas Johnsen is a popular Author and the Leading Expert on Concrete Garden Statues. For more information about Mr. Johnsen and to find his Concrete Garden Statues Guide, click the links for instant access.

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Garden Architecture | Garden Sheds - Finest Architectural Landscape

Is storing garden product a headache for you? Are you planning for some extra storage space that adds architectural beauty to your house? Are you fond of gardening and want to have some accessories related to it?

Colorful gardens bring delight

If any of the above is the case with you, the articles here brings sufficient information that would definitely prove beneficial to you. There are many people fond of gardening in this modern world. Gardening is an activity full of fun and enjoyment. Moreover, gardens in front or back your house add glory to the building. This colorful part of the house has its own unique features that fill the heart of viewer with delight.

Need of Garden sheds

To solve your problem of storing, garden shed turned up in scenario to help you out. This single story building can serve its owner in several ways. For people fond of gardening, it can offer a good storage space to store relevant tools, equipments and seeds etc... moreover; they add architectural beauty to your house. Providing space to every type of small and large accessories of the garden, they serve in several ways.

Kinds of garden sheds

As already said, these garden sheds serve their owner in several ways. Depending upon the utility, these are of various kinds. Some of them are as follows-

o Garages
o Green house
o Storage building
o Play house for children
o Work shops
o Cabins
o Farm sheds
o Conservatories.

Depending upon the type of material used to make the shed, garden sheds are of following types:

Metal sheds- these sheds are made up of thin metal sheet. These sheets are generally galvanized to make it more durable and provide resistance against insects, fire etc... dents on them have turned out to be one of the disadvantages of these types of sheds.

Plastic sheds- these are available in kits. Made up of PVC, these types of sheds are strong, light and comparatively more durable and stable. The great thing about these is they can be molded later. Windows, attic storage, easy extension, shelving, peg boards and other accessories can easily be added.

Wooden sheds- they offer natural look and can easily blend with your garden environment. They need regular maintenance and moreover are more use to fire or termite attack.

Garden sheds can serve a small business house or play house. These can also be used as a bird house, pet homes or chicken coops. In the hectic schedule of today, it can serve as a place of peace and privacy. So, what more think? Get the garden shed in your house today and avail the maximum benefits.

For any help on Garden sheds, check out the info available online, these will help you learn to find the Garden shed an instant go!

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Garden Architecture | Understanding The Elements Of A Zen Garden Design

A Zen garden design was originally a Japanese style of garden. The design incorporates both natural and architectural elements. A garden designed for one to sit and contemplate. You can have your own Zen garden, you only need to understand a few design principles.

From around the 13th century, the Japanese Buddhist monks used the Zen garden design as a spiritual place to contemplate and meditate. The Zen garden design creates a three dimensional image which is planned with a foreground, and a background leading into a perspective.

All elements of a Zen garden are designed with a purpose for being in the garden.

Water provides life. As a natural element water can be displayed as a stream, pond or water feature. You can also use sand to represent water, an ideal solution in dry climates.

The planting element in a Zen garden design brings emotion to the garden with various colors, heights and textures.

One of the most important elements of a Zen garden are the rocks. With rocks you can create dimensions. When you select your rocks and stones, select various sizes and position them with the larger ones to the front and the smaller ones to the background. Well-worn rocks will add character and depth to the design.

If you want an alternative element to the water element, then sand or pebble formations can be used. If you swirl the sand to create the rippling or rushing effect of the water this will help provide an energy aspect to the garden. What is used is not sand from the beach but rather crushed granite and you can get it in varying colors. A dark area of the garden can be lifted with the lighter pebbles or sand.

An architectural element for your Zen garden design can be a bridge. Bridges can be used to connect different areas of your garden, leading you on through to areas that would be otherwise unreachable.

Other architectural elements of a Zen garden design can be ornaments and these can be used as focal points. Stone lanterns and stone basins are often used. A stone lantern can be placed on a stone pedestal, depending on the height required for balance. A custom for the stone basins is, for the basin to be kept filled with clean water and by splashing the surroundings will keep the area refreshed.

For another architectural element place a gate at the entrance of your garden and this will further enhance the illusion.

You can create an illusion of depth and space with a Zen garden by understanding the placement of the elements required. One of the greatest attractions of this type of garden is, it only needs the smallest of spaces.

It is easier than you think, three simple tips.

1. Use water features, ornaments, gates and bridges.

2. Choose the plants for your climate

3. Use rocks, stones and pebble and be water conscious.

©2007 CTBaird. Carmel Baird contributes to Online Gardening Information where you will find information, tips and hints with new articles about many aspects of gardening added regularly.

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Garden Architecture | Add Architectural Design to Your Garden

All parts of the house are decorated and maintained with extreme care and intrigue. It is the primary motif of the members of the house to spend a large amount of money on the maintenance of the drawing room and the bedrooms. However, little attention is paid to the garden of the house. It is considered as an extra part and often neglected.

Whereas, the garden area within the house is the only place that has natural vegetation and natural landscape. This aspect must be preserved and maintained. It is a place of beauty and peace and must be developed such that it gives positive energy and fresh feel to everybody who takes a look at it.

When the question of decorating and designing the garden comes, people often tend to make stony curved pavements or of adding a gazebo. They tend to ignore the fact that there are many ways of making your garden look not just a collection of plants but much more than that.

In regard, with the designing of gardens, there are many architectural designs that can be utilized in the garden and the garden can turn into a trendy place of plants. Architects have designed a number of English style benches and chairs that can give your garden a very modern look. There are online sites that can assist you in this regard. Nowadays, there are gardening architects who excel in this field and provide you with modern designed accessories.

Besides this, they also provide you with objects that can collect and assemble your gardening tools in a beautiful manner. Specially designed baskets and gardening tools are there to enhance the effect of the garden.

Besides the various accessories, architectural plants are a very contemporary idea of designing your garden. The choice of the architectural plant is yours, but there are some qualifying traits that a plant should have for inclusion. In particular, it should have a long and distinctive shape, both of the leaves and the overall growth pattern. It is also helpful if the plant is evergreen, or with a distinctive winter presence, such as bark coloration or structure of branches. This is so that your garden does not look dull in winters.

Then, there are many modern Italic and Japanese lamp posts that are especially designed to be fixed in the garden area. They are very modern and chic and are available in many distinct sizes and designs. The lamp posts can be installed for dim lighting effect, which will create a beautiful ambience in the entire area. It gives an extraordinary soothing effect in the evening.

Thus, the architectural additions made to the garden can create an altogether different look of your garden and will eventually give you a very soothing and relaxing effect altogether.

You can take professional's services to build contemporary garden offices and get more ideas for construction.

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Garden Architecture | Architectural Salvage - For the Home and Garden and More

If you live in a vintage home, when it comes time to replace doors, windows and other decorative elements, it can be very challenging to match the architecture of the home with contemporary products. Instead, many homeowners choose the look for architectural salvage to match the look of their antique homes. Just as you would purchase antiques to furnish your period home, so too can you embellish the exterior with the appropriate antique salvage pieces.

Doors

Your front door is the first area that visitors will see when approaching your home. Because it is always on view, many homeowners choose to upgrade with an beautiful architectural antique door. A great deal of architectural reclamation occurs to make these doors structurally sound and historically finished so that the piece will serve well for many years to come. You could also take your current door and give it a vintage facelift with the addition of a new finish and antique salvage hardware, including the doorknobs and hinges. Doors appropriate for indoor use for bathrooms, closets and other areas can also be found by shopping at architectural salvage antiques stores.

Stained Glass

The beauty that comes from adding an exquisite piece of stained glass architectural salvage to your home is quite stunning. Handmade stained glass antique salvage pieces from yesteryear are pieces of artwork that can be displayed in the home or added to windows and doors.

Windows

If the eyes are the windows to the soul, then perhaps the windows are the soul of your home. Architectural antique windows are a hot-ticket item in decorating circles these days, and for good reason. Every home style, from Queen Anne, Folk Victorian, Tudor, Beaux Arts, Mission, Craftsman and others feature specific types of window styles that were typically used for each specific type of architecture. Finding architectural reclamation pieces that fit with the vintage of your home will truly make it look authentic, and will provide your family with savings in energy costs, because refurbished pieces will more reliably keep the cold out and the heat in your home.

Wrought Iron

Vintage architectural salvage wrought iron pieces are sought after by discerning gardeners living in period homes. These wrought iron architectural salvage pieces are typically used for fencing, gates and balcony railings, but they also have other uses in the garden. From pieces of antique salvage wrought iron fencing, tables can be crafted using the iron pieces as legs, and with a marble tabletop attached it will surely be a unique piece that you will use every summer in your garden.

You can find architectural salvage antiques listed with online sellers.

Susan Slobac writes about--Architectural Salvage.

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Garden Architecture | Varieties of Architectural Lighting

Architectural lighting is often used to highlight the unique design elements of a home, garden, or professional building. It is generally placed around and near entryway porticos and arches, on and around columns and the textured exteriors of buildings including walls and other structures and to highlight statues, ponds or other structural features.

When used appropriately in any garden setting, architectural lighting can accentuate the asthetics of a selected garden bed, a swimming pool, patio or decking around the house.

The coach light is one of the more popular and widely used styles of architectural garden lighting. It is a reminder of the old fashioned gas lights that were used to light the paths, streets and driveways of the past and lends a romantic charm to the setting. The typical coach light is placed on top of a pole and allows a dazzling light display through clear glass or perspex panels and can often be installed along one side or both sides of a driveway or at the corners of an outdoor deck. Coach lights may also be used in a garden or used to accentuate a flowerbed or pathway.

Another example of popular architectural garden lighting is the hanging lantern. These are usually attached to a pole inserted into the ground with a spike. These lanterns are now made as works of art as well as serving a functional purpose and are constructed from durable materials including high-impact plastic, stainless steel or even copper. Some include the use of solar lighting as an economical and environmentally friendly choice of lighting and all are easy to maintain.

Walk lights are quite often used to accentuate the beauty of a flowerbed as well as providing illumination for safety purposes along a walking path. These lights are set low to the ground and usually attached to a short pole or sit on top of a spike pushed into the ground. Many of these also incorporate the use of solar lighting. This eliminates the need for awkward cables or electrical boxes as well as costing virtually nothing to run.

LED garden uplights are used in architectural garden lighting to highlight elements of the garden that are attractive or a main feature. They are usually inserted into the ground and the light source is directed upwards. Elements such as trees and other tall plantings are thus showcased. Uplights can also be used to light an entryway or arch entrance.

Floodlights have similar characteristics to uplights, the difference being that their light can be directed either up or down. They can be used to illuminate entrances and to highlight exterior architectural elements such as archways, porticos or landscape elements.

You will find a huge array of different styles of architectural garden lighting in the market. Architectural garden lighting can be purchased through lighting stores that specialize in this field, lawn and garden stores, and even on-line.

You can't always get what you want but you can find what you need on the subject of led outdoor lighting. Today you too can gain from our years of experience, visit plant-care.com.

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Garden Architecture | How to Make a Garden Lighting Less Expensive

Many of those people who take care of their gardens want them to be beautiful not only during the day but also after the sunlight is gone, during the night. Those people usually like to spend warm, summer evenings in the garden. That is the moment when we need good garden lighting.

We should think about the lighting that would give our garden more charm and accent its character. We can light the paths, parts of the walls, water ponds and elements of garden architecture - all to make it look more wonderful, peaceful and original.

But there is one important thing about garden lighting - that we should think about it before we even start planning the garden and its design. If not all our garden design might get destroyed by need of digging trough it to put electrical installation.

Of course none of us wants such situation happen.So what we can do when the garden is all done and the electrical installation would be difficult to install? We can choose sun lamps that uses natural energy of the sun to give us light.

Installation of such lamps is inexpensive and may bring us a lot of benefits. Especially when the garden is big and we need a lot of lamps and electricity to light it up - we would prefer sun lamps rather than the regular ones.

Enjoy garden in the summer, also after the sun and day is gone, and still feel the powerful energy of it.

Garden buildings and summerhouses might also interest you

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Garden Architecture | Belgium's Top 10 Spring Garden Destinations

Millions of tourists flock to the Netherlands each spring to take in the beauty of the tulip fields. Most have no idea that further south, Belgium is a garden lover's paradise.

The following list contains 10 spring garden and nature destinations in Belgium that are not to be missed. I hope you find one that inspires you to enjoy Belgium's natural beauty.

Vredehof Tulip Garden

While definitely not as large as the Keukenhof Bulb Gardens in Lisse, The Netherlands, The Vredehof is no less special. This garden, in Kessel, was started by one man, Fernand Geyselings, when he retired in 1987, as a tribute to his late wife. Geyselings planted over 200,000 different bulbs, by himself. There are 200 different varieties of tulip and 185 other spring blooms, from daffodils to hyacinths. There are also a number of flowering trees and garden decorations.

Address: Torenvenstraat 28, Kessel

Groot-Bijgaarden Castle and Gardens

The Groot-Bijgaarden is another must-see for tulip and spring bulb lovers. The grounds of this castle are open to the public for a month in the spring. As well as the stunning castle grounds, there are also indoor displays by local growers. The Garden is open this year from from 8 April until 6 May.

Address: Is. Van Beverenstraat, 5 - 1702 Groot-Bijgaarden

The Japanese Garden of Hasselt

Although you wouldn't expect it, the largest Japanese Garden in Europe is in Belgium. The Japanese Garden of Hasselt is magical in the spring as its 250 cherry trees burst into bloom. The garden is based on 17th Japanese Garden architecture and was constructed with the help of Hasset's sister city in Japan, Itami.

Address: Gouverneur Verwilghensingel - 3500 Hasselt

Cherry Blossoms in Brussels

If you can't make it all the way to Hasselt to admire the Japanese Gardens, you can enjoy the cherry blossoms in Brussels. Although there are cherry trees in bloom at various locations around the city centre, one of the best places to view them is in Park Leopold, near the European Parliament. There are various spring blooms in this little park, which is a hop skip and jump from the larger Parc du Cinquantenaire, also in full bloom in the spring.

Address: Park Leopold, 1040 Brussels

Belgian Royal Greenhouse at Laeken

One of the most anticipated spring garden events in Brussels is the opening of the Royal Greenhouses at the Palace in Laeken, Belgium. The palace is the main residence of the Belgian Royal family and their private grounds are only open to the public for several weeks in the spring. The Greenhouse complex was built between 1874 and 1895 and is 2.5 hectares. The plant collection includes giant palms and ferns from Africa, azaleas, geraniums, orchids and bleeding hearts among many others.

Address: Domaine Royal de Laeken, Avenue du Parc Royal, Brussels

National Botanic Garden of Belgium

The National Botanic Garden of Belgium is located just outside of Brussels in the town of Meise. The garden is 92 hectares and holds 18,000 varieties of plants from magnolias and rhododendrons to medicinal plants and wild roses. There is also a large glass house with tropical and dessert plants, a traditional farm house and garden and a garden shop. At the centre of the Botanic Garden sits Bouchout Castle which is often open to the public and is available for receptions.

Address: Domein van Bouchout, Nieuwelaan 38, Meise

The Grand Béguinage of Leuven

The Grand Béguinage (Groot Begijnhof van Leuven in Dutch) is not specifically a garden destination; however it is a quiet oasis in the centre of the Flemish city of Leuven. The Béguinage is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It dates from the 13th century and was a refuge for unmarried semi-religious women. These days the Béguinage is owned by the university and houses visiting students and professors. You can wander through the quiet cobbled streets and admire the small gardens and climbing roses that decorate the living quarters.

Address: Schapenstraat, Leuven

Hallerbos, The Blue Forest

Hallerbos is a beech forest near the town of Halle. Throughout the year it is a haven for walkers, cyclists and horseback riders. In spring however, the forest acquires a magical carpet of blue, created by millions of Bluebell flowers covering the forest floor.

Address: Near Halle in Flemish Brabant

Villers Abbey Medicinal Garden

Belgium is famous for its many abbeys and the wonderful beers brewed in them. Because the monks were often the area's physicians, many abbeys had medicinal gardens. One great example can be seen at the Villers Abbey (abbaye de Villers) in Wallonia. In addition to the garden, there is a working vineyard as well as the ruins of the abbey which are stunning to wander through.

Address: Rue de l'Abbaye, 55, B-1495 Villers-la-Ville

Ronquières Inclined Plane Boat Lift

I admit that a boat lift may seem like an odd choice for a post on gardens and nature. You can't however discuss gardens in Belgium without a nod to the country's agricultural heritage. Farming remains a mainstay in this country and what better place to admire the fields of Belgium than 70 metres in the air. The observation deck at the boat lift offers panoramic view of the countryside as well as the Brussels-Charleroi canal.

Address: Ronquières, 7090 Braine-le-Comte

Belgium is often overlooked as a travel destination in Europe. For garden and nature lover's, however it has many hidden jewels just waiting to be discovered.

About the Author

Alison Cornford-Matheson is a Canadian garden and travel photographer who lives in Brussels, Belgium. She is a passionate traveller who loves to share her discoveries through her words and photos. To read more about her expat life in Belgium and her travels in Europe visit her blog http://cheeseweb.eu.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Alison_Cornford-Matheson

Garden Architecture | Suzhou Classical Gardens-World Cultural Heritage

Talking about China, you will think of the images of Chinese classical garden. Suzhou, a cultural and historical city in east China Jiangsu Province, is celebrated around the world for its elegant gardens. If you are a Chinese Gardens lover, don't miss to go there.

Suzhou is also known as "Gusu city", having the fame of "Oriental Venice" with more than 2500 years history. As the world of garden, Suzhou offers the best museum to show its ancient gardens which are the gem of classical garden architecture in south China and has been included in the UNESCO heritage list.

Local chronicles reveal that Suzhou city held nearly 200 gardens during its heyday. As the saying goes, gardens to the south of Yangtze River are the best in the World and Suzhou gardens are the best among them. These gardens attain their high reputation not only for their vast numbers, but also for their charming natural beauty and harmonious construction.
Enjoying or appraising Suzhou Gardens, you should keep in mind six points as below:
# Conception

# The way rockery and waters are arranged

# Pavilions, terraces, halls and chambers

# Flower and tree arrangements

# Appropriate name

# Poetic touch

The Surging Waves Pavilion, the Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrator Garden and the Lingering Garden in Suzhou are inscribed as the Four Most Famous Gardens in China and they represent the different styles of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. And the Garden of the Master of the Nets is another exquisite garden in this city.

Song Style Suzhou Gardens: The famous example is the Blue Wave Pavilion (Canglangting). The oldest classic garden in Suzhou, It is originally built in the Tang Dynasty. Canglang Pavilion emphasizes the harmony between man made buildings and the natural environment which features a range of man-made mountains on the inside and landscapes on the outside.

Yuan Style Suzhou Gardens: The famous example is the Lion Grove Garden which is reputed as a "kingdom of artificial mountains". Built in 1342, the garden is an ideal sightseeing site as it many elegant pavilions, majestic towers and numerous other works of art. What fun it will be when you are viewing fragrant flowers and winding delicate corridors!

Ming Style Suzhou Gardens: The famous example is the Humble Administrator' s Garden. The garden consists of three parts with different types of buildings around streams and ponds. In the main garden, there are four pavilions placed at different spots. Each pavilion has a very beautiful and lyrical name which represent the four seasons.

Qing Style Suzhou Gardens: The famous example is the Lingering Garden. Possessing typical Qing style, it is well-known for the exquisite beauty of its magnificent halls, and the various sizes, shapes, and colors of the buildings. Dating from the 11th-19th century, the gardens reflect the profound metaphysical importance of natural beauty in Chinese culture in their meticulous design.
Recommended tours:

# Day 01 Arrival Suzhou

# Arrive in Suzhou. Be met at the airport and transferred to your hotel. Free at leisure for the rest of the day.Day 02 Suzhou

# Depart from hotel in the morning and be transferred to visit Humble Administrator Garden, the Tiger Hill and the Lingering Garden.Day 03 Departure Suzhou

Visit the Garden of the Master of the Nets in the morning. Free at leisure until to be transferred to the airport for your next destination.

china tour-Professional China Tour Operator with tailor made service. Come with us to see China with your own eyes and touch this ground with your hands. All services are private and in small group with English speaking tour guide and license driver.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Huiya_Chen

Garden Architecture | Garden Landscape - Lets You Experience the Nature's Therapy

It will not be wrong to say that nature is men best friend, and what can be more rejuvenating than an exquisite garden outside your home that gives you a real paradise experience. Landscape design is the best option to make your surroundings beautiful, the method does not limit to garden or lawn making rather it is a complete gardening architecture. The entire architecture work adorns the beauty of your house, garden landscapes, pool landscapes, commercial landscape. But it is often seen that people take the task themselves and end up making the place a disaster. Choosing an adept landscaper will provides a beautiful look, if you have decided to get your garden landscaping done then firstly plan out what all things will be involved in it. Determining the theme such as native, subtropical etc is very much important, just think about what varieties of plants grow well in your surroundings. Do take suggestions from the experts about the well-grown plants in your area so that they flourish more with lower maintenance costs.

Professional landscape designers helps you to build your paradise, they are the best guide which provides you unique designs, construction details, lists of suppliers and plants. Before hiring any professional do check their previous projects, credentials, references and portfolios. The costs of this totally depend on the area you live and the training and experience of the person your hire. Be upfront about the budget you have, as a professional landscaping can cost high at your pockets. Landscaping is done in several ways, some of its aspects are soft and hard landscaping, soft landscaping refers to simple and creative creation of garden while the hard landscaping includes rockery works, pond, patio, pathway, terrace, and driveway constructions.

Hence it is very much clear that selecting an appropriate landscape designer is a necessity, they are likely the ones who will turn your place into paradise. With the emergence of technological advancements they are able to execute their plans in a more favorable way.

Paradise Landscapes serves as a best solution for landscaping for the people of Auckland. The firm is efficient in creating exquisite landscapes projects according to the likes and dislikes of the customers. They also provides consultation and quotation for free of cost, their expertise designing and planning guide will provide you a complete overview to make your place a heaven. To have glance at their portfolios and services you can browse via http://www.paradiselandscapes.co.nz.

Paradise Landscapes carry out entire landscape projects from garden landscaping, pool landscape design, planting, hard, soft landscaping and garden maintenance as well as the project managing the entire job.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Shannon_Chisnall
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